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ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭاﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ
ﺇﺫا اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺩﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻘﻮاﺕ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭاﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭاﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﻥ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺇﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺧﺮﻯ
ﻭﺇﺫا ﻇﻬﺮﺕ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭاﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻠﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺷﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ
ﻭﺇﺫا ﺗﻮﻫﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﺮاﺟﺤﺔ اﺣﺘﻄﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ
ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻫﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﺮاﺟﺤﺔ اﺣﺘﻄﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ
ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭاﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫاﻙ
ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻵﺧﺮﺓ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭاﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ
ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭاﻟﻔﺴﻮﻕ ﻭاﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ
ﻭاﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﻭاﻟﻤﻘﺎﺻﺪ
ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭاﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ
ﺇﺫا اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺩﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻘﻮاﺕ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭاﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭاﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﻥ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺇﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺧﺮﻯ
ﻭﺇﺫا ﻇﻬﺮﺕ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭاﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻠﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺷﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ
ﻭﺇﺫا ﺗﻮﻫﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﺮاﺟﺤﺔ اﺣﺘﻄﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ
ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻫﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﺓ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ اﻟﺮاﺟﺤﺔ اﺣﺘﻄﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ
ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭاﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫاﻙ
ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻵﺧﺮﺓ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭاﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ
ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭاﻟﻔﺴﻮﻕ ﻭاﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎﻥ
ﻭاﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭاﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﻭاﻟﻤﻘﺎﺻﺪ
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